一般来说要获取中文汉字全拼是需要查表的，不过只需要声母的话还是很简单就能实现的。
方法是利用GBK编码是按照拼音的顺序编排汉字的，所以，只需要将文字转化成GBK编码，通过匹配范围即可获得声母了（当然理论上也应该能获取全拼，我猜的-。-）。
这样的代码网上有很多，这里也是抄袭而来，抄自何处也忘记了。。
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def getFirstPY(word, encoding='utf-8'):
if isinstance(word, unicode):
try:
word = word[0].encode('gbk')
except:
return '?'
elif isinstance(word, str):
try:
word = word.decode(encoding)[0].encode('gbk')
except:
return '?'
if len(word) == 1:
return word
else:
asc = ord(word[0])*256 + ord(word[1]) - 65536
if asc >= -20319 and asc <= -20284:
return 'a'
if asc >= -20283 and asc <= -19776:
return 'b'
if asc >= -19775 and asc <= -19219:
return 'c'
if asc >= -19218 and asc <= -18711:
return 'd'
if asc >= -18710 and asc <= -18527:
return 'e'
if asc >= -18526 and asc <= -18240:
return 'f'
if asc >= -18239 and asc <= -17923:
return 'g'
if asc >= -17922 and asc <= -17418:
return 'h'
if asc >= -17417 and asc <= -16475:
return 'j'
if asc >= -16474 and asc <= -16213:
return 'k'
if asc >= -16212 and asc <= -15641:
return 'l'
if asc >= -15640 and asc <= -15166:
return 'm'
if asc >= -15165 and asc <= -14923:
return 'n'
if asc >= -14922 and asc <= -14915:
return 'o'
if asc >= -14914 and asc <= -14631:
return 'p'
if asc >= -14630 and asc <= -14150:
return 'q'
if asc >= -14149 and asc <= -14091:
return 'r'
if asc >= -14090 and asc <= -13119:
return 's'
if asc >= -13118 and asc <= -12839:
return 't'
if asc >= -12838 and asc <= -12557:
return 'w'
if asc >= -12556 and asc <= -11848:
return 'x'
if asc >= -11847 and asc <= -11056:
return 'y'
if asc >= -11055 and asc <= -10247:
return 'z'
return '?'
def getPY(string, encoding="utf-8"):
if isinstance(string, str):
string = string.decode(encoding)
result = []
for each in string:
result.append(getFirstPY(each))
return "".join(result)
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最新的代码可以在https://github.com/binux/binux-tools/blob/master/python/getPY.py这里找到。